Masticatory performance with different types of rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible

Abstract Aim: To compare the masticatory performance associated with different rehabilitation strategies for patients with edentulous mandibles. Methods: one portion of the test food "Optocal" was provided to groups: Natural Dentition (n = 15), Mandibular Fixed Implant-Supported Prosthesis with Maxillary Fixed Prosthesis (n = 8), Mandibular Fixed Implant-Supported Prosthesis with Maxillary Removable Prosthesis (n = 14), Mandibular Implant-Retained Overdenture with Maxillary Removable Prosthesis (n = 16), and Complete Dentures (n = 16). The portion was collected after 40 chewing strokes, and then passed through a stack of eight sieves with decreasing apertures. Masticatory performance was determined by weighing the portion of food on each sieve. Results: the masticatory performance was: 71.00% for Natural Dentition, 41.57% for Mandibular Fixed Implant-Supported Prosthesis with Maxillary Fixed Prosthesis, 31.44% for Mandibular Fixed Implant-Supported Prosthesis with Maxillary Removable Prosthesis, 27.70% for Mandibular Implant-retained Overdenture, and 14.33% for Complete Dentures. The data were statistically compared using Student's t-test (p < 0.05). Natural Dentition and Complete Denture groups were statistically different from all other groups, with the Natural Dentition and Complete Denture groups exhibiting the highest and lowest masticatory performance values, respectively. Conclusions: Osseointegrated implants improved the masticatory performance of all implant-supported groups compared to the Complete Dentures group.

Comparison of masticatory function between subjects with three types of dentition.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an oral rehabilitation program on masticatory performance and ability as a function of the number of masticatory cycles. Subjects with a mandibular fixed implant-supported prosthesis (ISP), complete dentures (CDs), or a natural dentition (ND) were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Masticatory performance was tested with an artificial test food (Optocal). Optocal was provided to subjects in two portions of 17 cubes and collected after both 20 and 40 masticatory cycles. The particles were collected on stacks of eight sieves. The geometric mean diameter of the chewed particles was calculated using the sieves. Questionnaires were used to assess masticatory ability before and after the fixed mandibular rehabilitation program. The geometric mean diameter of the chewed particles was compared by two-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test (P < .05). RESULTS: The geometric mean diameter for all groups was lower after 40 cycles versus 20 cycles. When compared to the ND group, masticatory performance for the CD and ISP groups was 12% and 28% after 20 cycles and 31% and 61% after 40 cycles, respectively. The data for the masticatory ability of the ISP group before and after fixed mandibular rehabilitation were compared by the McNemar test (P < .05), and showed that 100% of these subjects were satisfied with their chewing capacity after fixed mandibular rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS: These results quantify the differences in masticatory function among different types of dentition. Greater masticatory function for fixed mandibular rehabilitation versus CDs was demonstrated.

Função mastigatórias de individuos reabilitados com próteses totais mucoso suportadas / Masticatoy function of subjects rehabiletated with convtional complete denture

Objetivo: Avaliar a função mastigatória de indivíduos reabilitados com próteses totais muco-suportadas,consideradas adequadas ou boas (índice de Kapur), por meio de testes objetivos e subjetivos e verificar a influência da qualidade e do tempo de uso das próteses. Método: Testes de performance mastigatória (PM), utilizando o simulador dealimento Optocal, foram realizados com 20 e 40 golpes mastigatórios em 21 indivíduos com próteses totais (grupo PT) e 15 com dentição natural (grupo DN). O índice de performance mastigatória foi obtido por meio do cálculo do Diâmetro Geométrico Médio das partículas mastigadas e tamisadas. Resultados: Após análise estatística (Tukey b, p<0,05), observou-se que o grupo PT apresentou 12 por cento e 31 por cento da performance alcançada pelos indivíduos do grupo DN, após 20e 40 golpes, respectivamente, sendo que a literatura quantifica a mesma de 20 por cento a 30 por cento da dentição natural. Não foram verificadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes (Teste-tde student, p<0,05) entre a PM e a habilidade mastigatória, bem como à qualidade das próteses do grupo PT. Em relação ao tempo de uso das próteses, usuários acima de seis meses obtiveram melhores resultados, possivelmente por estarem mais adaptados às próteses. Conclusão: No limite deste trabalho, podemos concluir que usuários de próteses totais consideradas adequadas ou boas melhoraram sua PM após seis meses de uso. Ressaltando que com 20 golpes, no referido simulador de alimento, o resultado (12 por cento) foi inferior aos descritos na literatura.